6.5.28.030 Findings

The Council hereby finds that:

(a) the Pueblo Revolt Era of 1680 – 1696 was the most successful era of Indigenous rebellion in the colonial history of the United States; and

(b) In 1964 the people of the Pueblo de San Ildefonso and neighboring Tewa Pueblos took refuge on Tunyo, a sacred mesa two miles north of Pueblo de San Ildefonso; and

(c) Tunyo is remembered as a significant site of Indigenous resistance during the Spanish re-conquest of New Mexico. That resistance allowed Tewa people to remain in their homelands and maintain their sovereignty, language, and culture; and

(d) the social memory of the events at Tunyo retained in the Pueblo de San Ildefonso community is an invaluable aspect of the cultural landscape of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso; and

(e) The Pueblo de San Ildefonso wishes to formally document the historical memory of the events at Tunyo held by members of Pueblo de San Ildefonso community through anthropological research, and compare and integrate Pueblo de San Ildefonso oral histories, seventeenth-century Spanish documentary history, and modern archaeological findings; and

(f) Research results approved by the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) will be presented to all stakeholders and other interested parties within the Pueblo de San Ildefonso community and, all project materials, including interview transcripts, will be archived at the Pueblo of San Ildefonso THPO to ensure their preservation for future generations; and

(g) The Pueblo of San Ildefonso is committed to the balanced stewardship of Tunyo and the greater Pueblo Revolt landscape on the Pueblo de San Ildefonso Indian Reservation, land that is held in trust by the United States; and

(h) This project will support the Pueblo's stewardship goals by obtaining and preserving valuable information about the historical events that took place at Tunyo, which will enable Pueblo de San Ildefonso to better prioritize their preservation and stewardship of the landscape; and

(i) Pueblo of San Ildefonso, in partnership with Anthropological Research, LLC (Anthropological Research), proposes an oral history project that documents the living memory of the Pueblo Revolt within the Pueblo de San Ildefonso community under the auspices of the National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program.